Plants in genus trillium
Trillium erectum
Trillium erectum, a spring ephemeral native to eastern North America, is known for its striking three-petaled flowers that can vary in color from reddish-brown to pale yellow. This perennial thrives in rich, moist woodlands and is recognized for its ability to tolerate extreme cold. The plant's carrion-scented flowers attract fly and beetle pollinators, and it is often cultivated for its ornamental value in woodland gardens.
Trillium chloropetalum
Trillium chloropetalum is a perennial plant endemic to California, particularly around the San Francisco Bay Area. It features sessile flowers with brilliant maroon petals and is one of the largest Trillium species. This plant thrives in moist slopes and canyon banks, often found at the edges of redwood forests.
Trillium foetidissimum
Trillium foetidissimum, also known as Mississippi River wakerobin, is a unique perennial herb native to the floodplains of Louisiana and Mississippi. This plant features a 10-inch stalk with three olive-green leaves marked with dark blotches and narrow maroon-red petals. It blooms from early March to early April, emitting a scent reminiscent of rotting meat to attract pollinators. The flower eventually turns into a purple-brown berry in autumn. Known for its adaptability, it thrives in various garden conditions, including dry shade. Its striking appearance and ease of growth make it a fascinating addition to any garden.
Trillium simile
Trillium simile is a spring-flowering perennial native to the southern Appalachian Mountains. It grows in moist, humus-rich soils of mature forests and is found at elevations of 1,600-2,300 feet. Known for its large, creamy white fragrant flowers, this plant blooms in mid-spring and is nursery-propagated from seed. It resembles Trillium vaseyi and is a cherished addition to native plant gardens.
Trillium maculatum
Trillium maculatum is a perennial flowering plant endemic to the southeastern United States, known for its dark purple mottled foliage and classic purple sessile flowers. It grows to about 1 foot tall and blooms from early February to early April. This plant persists through an underground rhizome and is part of the Trillium cuneatum complex, making it a unique addition to shade gardens.
Trillium lancifolium
Trillium lancifolium is a native plant of the southeastern United States, known for its silver-patterned leaves and flower petals that change from purple to chartreuse. It typically grows in shady upland hardwood forests and blooms from February to May. This plant is imperiled in some states and usually reaches about 10 inches in height.
Trillium underwoodii
Trillium underwoodii is a perennial herb native to the southeastern United States, found in rich deciduous forests. It features mottled foliage with a checkerboard pattern and dark purple flowers. The plant emerges in February and March and spreads by underground rhizomes. Its unique foliage and early blooming make it a valuable addition to woodland gardens.
Trillium cuneatum
Trillium cuneatum, the largest and most widespread eastern sessile trillium, is native to the southeastern United States. It has three mottled leaves and dark purple flowers with a sweet fruity fragrance, blooming from early March to late April.
Trillium grandiflorum
Trillium grandiflorum is a perennial native to eastern North America, known for its three-petaled white flowers that bloom in late spring. It thrives in rich, mixed upland forests and is a popular choice for woodland gardens.
Trillium tschonoskii
Trillium tschonoskii is a rare Asian trillium found in the Himalayas, notable for its resemblance to T. camschatcense but with narrower petals. It features white flowers on short stalks above three-lobed foliage, blooming in very late spring. This plant thrives in shaded environments, making it a suitable choice for woodland gardens.
Trillium vaseyi
Trillium vaseyi, commonly known as sweet wakerobin, is a spring-flowering perennial native to the southeastern United States. It features large, nodding red flowers and thrives in rich woodlands, often near streams. This plant is named after botanist George Vasey and is considered vulnerable due to its limited range. It grows as a single or double stalk and is propagated by seeds, taking 7-8 years to mature. Its presence in moist, shaded areas makes it a valuable addition to native plant gardens.
Trillium rugelii
Trillium rugelii is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the southeastern United States, particularly the Appalachian region. It prefers humus-rich soil near streams and blooms with nodding white flowers in mid-April to May. This rare plant is endangered in some states and is known for its heat tolerance and ability to multiply well in gardens.
Trillium flexipes
Trillium flexipes, also known as nodding wakerobin, is a woodland plant native to parts of the United States. It features white, sometimes reddish or maroon petals, and spreads through underground rhizomes. This plant is endangered in Ontario and threatened in North Carolina, making it a rare find in gardens.
Trillium sulcatum
Trillium sulcatum is a robust perennial native to the southeastern United States, particularly abundant on the Cumberland Plateau. It features wine-red flowers with upturned sepals that bloom in early May. This plant is more heat-tolerant than Trillium erectum.
Trillium luteum
Trillium luteum is a perennial native to the southeastern United States, known for its lemon-scented butter yellow flowers. It features green- and silver-flecked foliage and blooms in mid-April. This plant thrives in alkaline soil regions but adapts to slightly acidic soils. It forms large, dense colonies and is shade tolerant, making it suitable for woodland gardens. Trillium luteum is appreciated for its unique appearance and ability to attract pollinators.
Trillium oostingii
Trillium oostingii is endemic to Richland County, South Carolina, and is known for its cinnamon red stems and glaucous green mottled leaves. It features chartreuse yellow petals with a burgundy base and grows under deciduous trees, forming large colonies.
Trillium discolor
Trillium discolor is a native plant of the Southeastern US, found along moist stream banks. It features pale yellow petals and camouflage-patterned leaves with silver and green flecks. This plant blooms in early April and is one of the latest emerging trillium species in its region.
Trillium gracile 'Sabine'
Trillium gracile 'Sabine' is a woodland plant with wide olive green foliage and grey-black margins. It features very narrow violet petals that bloom starting in mid-March, forming an 18-inch wide clump over time. This plant prefers slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, moist soils, making it ideal for shaded garden areas.
Trillium oostingii 'Camden Purple'
Trillium oostingii 'Camden Purple' is a rare perennial known for its dark purple flowers, a unique trait among a predominantly yellow-flowered population. This plant grows to about 8 inches tall and features a distinctive mottled leaf pattern. It blooms in early to mid-April, adding a splash of color to spring gardens. Trillium oostingii is native to North America and thrives in shaded areas, making it ideal for woodland or rock gardens.
Trillium cuneatum 'Pleasant Hill'
Trillium cuneatum 'Pleasant Hill' is a unique plant with silver and olive speckled leaves and purple flowers that bloom in mid-April. It is shorter and stockier than typical trilliums, discovered in Georgia.
Trillium lancifolium 'White Plains'
Trillium lancifolium 'White Plains' is a native plant from Alabama, characterized by its dark olive mottled leaves and narrow dark purple petals. It grows 6-8 inches tall and thrives in moist, typical garden conditions. This trillium is easy to grow and adds a unique touch to shaded areas.
Trillium maculatum 'Edgefield'
Trillium maculatum 'Edgefield' is a Southeast native plant with olive-green foliage speckled with liver-purple. It features upright purple petals in early spring and prefers moist soils. This plant is drought-tolerant when dormant, making it a resilient addition to shaded gardens.
Trillium lancifolium 'Ballerina'
Trillium lancifolium 'Ballerina' is a unique selection from Gadsden County, Florida, known for its solitary growth habit and narrow, silver-flecked leaves. The plant features burgundy petals atop 1.5-2 foot stalks, blooming in early to mid-April. It thrives in bright shade or part sun and is a striking addition to any woodland garden.
Trillium cuneatum 'A11nc114'
Trillium cuneatum 'A11nc114' is a unique selection with genetics from a 2000 collection in Tennessee. Found in an old roadside dump site, this plant features purple, yellow, and intermediate flower color forms. Seedlings typically flower purple, adding a splash of color to shaded garden areas. This perennial is a testament to the diversity and adaptability of native plants.
Trillium lancifolium 'Lancelot'
Trillium lancifolium 'Lancelot' is a unique perennial native to Florida, known for its solitary growth and striking yellow flowers that age to a butterscotch hue. Unlike typical trilliums, it does not form clumps, making it a distinctive addition to woodland gardens. The plant features silvery leaves with green flecking, adding visual interest even when not in bloom. It emerges in late February and continues to flower into late April. This trillium is well-suited for dry shade and is resistant to rabbits, making it a low-maintenance choice for shaded areas. Its unusual flowering color and pattern make it a standout among native North American plants.
Trillium gracile 'Shelbyville'
Trillium gracile 'Shelbyville' is a native plant from Shelby County, Texas, known for its unique appearance. It grows in moist bottomlands, reaching 11 inches tall with three greyish leaves patterned with olive green. In late April, it produces narrow, mostly purple petals, adding a touch of color to shaded garden areas. This plant is a part of the Trillium family and is appreciated for its ornamental value.
Trillium recurvatum 'Missouri Form'
Trillium recurvatum 'Missouri Form' is a native plant ranging from the Great Lakes to Texas. It features 18-inch tall stems with three olive-green leaves mottled with liver-colored flecking. In late April, it produces a blunt red flower. This plant thrives in bogs and drier areas under large oaks, preferring slightly more moist soils.
Trillium sessile 'Halifax'
Trillium sessile 'Halifax' is a smaller trillium with light green, lightly mottled foliage and narrow, dusty red petals. It is native to the US and thrives in shaded areas, making it a suitable choice for woodland gardens.
Trillium lancifolium 'Stevens Creek'
Trillium lancifolium 'Stevens Creek' is a flowering plant from a disjunct population near Stevens Creek Heritage Preserve. It features dark olive green mottled leaves and narrow, dark purple petals. This plant grows on 8-10 inch stalks in early spring.
Trillium recurvatum 'Arcadia'
Trillium recurvatum 'Arcadia' is a North American native plant introduced in 2013, known for its heavily mottled silver and olive foliage. In late March, it produces short, dark purple flowers that add a striking contrast to its leaves. This vigorous grower is ideal for shaded garden areas and is resistant to rabbits. Its unique patterned foliage makes it a popular choice for cottage and fairy gardens. The plant is also suitable for dry shade conditions, adding ornamental value to any garden setting.