Plants in genus vicia
Vicia faba
Vicia faba, commonly known as the fava bean, is a versatile plant used both as a cover crop and for human consumption. It is known for its high nitrogen-fixing ability and large, deep roots that improve soil structure. The plant is exceptionally cold-tolerant, able to withstand temperatures as low as 10°F, and grows best in cool conditions. Fava beans produce beautiful white and black flowers that attract pollinators, and the young pods can be eaten like snap beans. However, individuals with G6PD deficiency should avoid handling the seeds or consuming the beans due to potential health risks.
Vicia villosa
Vicia villosa, commonly known as hairy vetch, is a fast-growing legume used as a cover crop to improve soil health. It adds significant amounts of nitrogen to the soil, smothers weeds, and prevents erosion. This plant is winter hardy in USDA zones 4 and warmer and is tolerant of drought and temporary flooding. While beneficial for organic farming, it is considered invasive in some regions. Vicia villosa is also used as forage and green manure, making it a versatile choice for sustainable agriculture.